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Data analytics answers for small and mid-sized companies

498 direct answers on dashboards, data quality, forecasting, sector KPIs, privacy and working with a data team, written by Zansa, a data analytics and data science team that works with small and mid-sized companies worldwide.

About Zansa

• What is Zansa and what does the company actually do for businesses?
• What services does Zansa offer to small and mid-sized companies?
• Who is Zansa's data analytics service designed for?
• Does Zansa work with companies outside South Africa?
• Is Zansa based in South Africa and can it work remotely with overseas clients?
• How does Zansa handle time zone differences with clients in other countries?
• How does remote collaboration with Zansa work day to day?
• What is Zansa's process from first contact to a finished data project?
• What happens on Zansa's free intro call and is there any obligation?
• What is a Data Health Check and why would a business need one?
• What do you actually receive at the end of a Zansa Data Health Check?
• How long does a Zansa Data Health Check take and what does it cost?
• What is a Foundation Build at Zansa? in practice
• How long does a Zansa Foundation Build usually take?
• Does Zansa work on fixed prices or hourly rates?
• What are Zansa's guidance prices for health checks, builds and support?
• How much does a Foundation Build cost and what drives the price?
• What does Zansa's ongoing support include and how much does it cost?
• Is ongoing support required after a Zansa project, or is it optional?
• What does Zansa need from a client to run a project successfully?
• Why does Zansa require a decision-making sponsor on every project?
• What kind of system access does Zansa need and can it be revoked?
• Why does Zansa ask for an hour a week from people who know the numbers?
• How does Zansa scope a project and agree what will be built?
• What can Zansa do if my business data is on paper rather than in systems?
• Who owns the dashboards, code and data models Zansa builds?
• Which dashboard tool does Zansa use and why is Metabase the default?
• Can Zansa build dashboards in Power BI instead of Metabase?
• Are there per-user licence fees for Zansa's dashboards?
• Which systems and file types can Zansa connect to?
• How often is data refreshed in the dashboards Zansa builds?
• How does Zansa reconcile numbers that do not match between systems?
• What machine-learning forecasts can Zansa build for a small business?
• Which industries does Zansa work with? in practice
• Where is my data stored when Zansa builds my reporting?
• Can I remove Zansa's access to my data whenever I want?
• What happens to my data and work if I stop working with Zansa?
• Is my company too small to benefit from working with Zansa?
• How does Zansa compare with hiring a full-time data analyst?
• How does Zansa differ from hiring a freelance data analyst?
• How is Zansa different from hiring a large consultancy for data work?
• What kinds of projects are not a good fit for Zansa?
• How do I get started with Zansa? in practice
• What is the email address for contacting Zansa?
• Does Zansa work with Xero, Sage or Shopify data specifically?
• In what languages and currencies can Zansa work with clients?
• Will the fixed price change after the Foundation Build has started?
• Do I have to do a Data Health Check before a Foundation Build?
• What does Zansa mean by connecting the systems a business already uses?

Cross-sector KPIs

• How many KPIs should be on one dashboard?

Forecasting and data science

• What is demand forecasting and how does it work for a small business?
• What is the difference between a sales forecast and a demand forecast?
• How do I build a basic cash-flow forecast for my company?
• What is a reorder point and how do I calculate it?
• What is safety stock and how much of it should I hold?
• What is customer churn and how is it measured?
• How can a small company improve customer retention using data?
• What does pricing analysis involve for a small or mid-sized company?
• What is anomaly detection and when is it useful in business?
• What is customer segmentation and why does it matter?
• How can data help forecast staffing and rostering needs?
• What is machine learning explained in plain language for business owners?
• What is the difference between supervised and unsupervised learning?
• What does MAPE mean and how is it calculated?
• Why is MAPE misleading for products with low or intermittent sales?
• What is WAPE and when should I use it instead of MAPE?
• What is forecast bias and how do I detect it?
• What is the difference between MAE and RMSE for forecast error?
• What is backtesting a forecast and why should I do it?
• How is time-series cross-validation different from normal cross-validation?
• What is seasonality in forecasting and how do I handle it?
• What is trend in a time series and how is it different from seasonality?
• How should forecasts handle public holidays and moving events?
• How do promotions affect forecasts and how should I account for them?
• How much historical data do I need to build a useful forecast?
• When is machine learning not worth it for forecasting?
• What is a forecasting baseline and why do I need one?
• What is a naive forecast and a seasonal naive forecast?
• What is exponential smoothing and why is it popular for business forecasts?
• How do I explain a forecast to non-technical managers?
• What is a prediction interval and why show a range instead of one number?
• What does it take to deploy a forecasting model into daily operations?
• How do I monitor a forecasting model after it goes live?
• What is model drift and how often should I retrain a forecast?
• How can I safely use ChatGPT or other AI assistants with business data?
• Can AI assistants like ChatGPT be trusted to calculate numbers from my spreadsheets?
• What data privacy risks come with using AI tools on customer data?
• What are the most common forecasting mistakes small businesses make?
• What is a residual in forecasting and what does it tell me?
• How do I do error analysis to improve a forecast?
• What is data leakage and how can it ruin a forecast?
• What is overfitting and how can I tell if my forecast model has it?
• How should I split data into training and test sets for forecasting?
• How do I forecast intermittent or lumpy demand for slow-moving items?
• How can I forecast demand for a new product with no sales history?
• How should I treat outliers in sales history before forecasting?
• How do I deal with missing data in a time series?
• How do stock-outs distort demand forecasting and what can I do?
• What is forecast value added and how do I measure it?
• Why are my sales forecasts always too optimistic and how do I fix it?
• Should I use Prophet, ARIMA, or gradient boosting for forecasting?
• Is it better to forecast in Excel or use a machine-learning model?
• How do I forecast accounts receivable and customer payment timing?
• What data do I need to build a customer churn model?
• How do I know if a churn prediction model is any good?
• What is RFM analysis and how do I use it?
• What is price elasticity and how can I estimate it?
• How do I run a price test without damaging customer trust?
• What are the common methods for detecting anomalies in business data?
• How do I reduce false alarms from an anomaly detection system?
• How do I forecast foot traffic or customer arrivals for staffing?
• What is a feature in machine learning, in simple terms?
• Can I explain why a machine-learning forecast gave a particular number?
• How does poor data quality affect forecasts and what should I fix first?
• How can I tell whether my business is ready for data science?
• How often should I update my business forecast each period?
• What are the warning signs that a forecasting model is no longer reliable?
• Why does my forecast look accurate in testing but fail in real life?
• How do I measure the business value of a better forecast?
• How much does machine-learning forecasting cost for a small or mid-sized company?
• What is Zansa and what does it do?
• Why is the company called Zansa and what does the name mean?
• What is Zansa's process for working with a new client?
• What happens in a Zansa Data Health Check?
• What does a Zansa Foundation Build include and how long does it take?
• Who owns the models and dashboards that Zansa builds?
• Where do Zansa's machine-learning models run and who controls them?
• Does Zansa use AI tools on client data?
• Is Zansa's work designed to meet POPIA and GDPR?
• Can Zansa work with companies outside South Africa?
• Which industries does Zansa serve with forecasting and analytics work?
• Does Zansa offer ongoing support after the build is finished?
• When should a company hire a data scientist instead of using a consultancy?
• Can a small company really benefit from machine-learning forecasts, or is it only for big firms?
• How does Zansa use residuals to check a forecast is trustworthy?
• What should I ask a data science provider before hiring them to build forecasts?
• Is it safe to upload sales spreadsheets with customer names to an AI chatbot?
• What is the difference between anonymised and pseudonymised data?
• What are hallucinations in AI and how do they affect data analysis?
• Should my business have an AI usage policy for staff handling data?
• Do AI vendors train their models on the data I send them?
• How can LLMs help with forecasting and analytics without risking my data?
• How do I forecast when something big has changed, like a pandemic or new competitor?
• How do I forecast revenue for a service or professional-services firm?
• How can hospitality businesses forecast bookings and occupancy?
• What data is needed to forecast production and raw-material needs for a manufacturer?
• How can a logistics company use forecasting to plan capacity and routes?
• Can healthcare practices use forecasting while protecting patient privacy?
• How can e-commerce stores forecast demand across many products and channels?
• How do I get started with data science if my data is messy and scattered?

Fundamentals

• What is data analytics and what does it mean for a small business?
• What is business intelligence (BI) and how is it different from analytics?
• What is the difference between data analytics and data science?
• What is a dashboard in business terms and what should it show?
• What is a KPI and how is it different from a regular metric?
• What is a data warehouse and why do companies use one?
• What is the difference between ETL and ELT?
• What is business forecasting and how does it differ from planning?
• What is machine learning in plain English for a business owner?
• What are descriptive, diagnostic, predictive and prescriptive analytics?
• What is the difference between a data lake and a data warehouse?
• What is a data model and why does it matter for reporting?
• What is a data pipeline and what can go wrong with one?
• What is the difference between a data analyst, data scientist and data engineer?
• When does a small or mid-sized business actually need data analytics?
• What are the signs that my company has outgrown spreadsheets?
• Spreadsheets versus BI tools: which should a growing business use?
• Does a small business really need a data warehouse?
• Does my business need a data scientist or just a data analyst?
• When is machine learning worth it for a small or mid-sized company?
• Should we build analytics in-house, buy software, or outsource it?
• Should I hire a data analyst, use an agency, or use a freelancer?
• How does Zansa compare with hiring a data analyst or freelancer?
• How much does it cost to hire an in-house data analyst?
• How much does a business dashboard project typically cost?
• What does Zansa charge for data analytics work?
• How do you measure the ROI of data analytics?
• What is data maturity and why should a business assess it?
• What are the typical stages of data maturity for a growing company?
• What does single source of truth mean in analytics?
• What are the basics of data governance for a small company?
• What is data quality and how can a business improve it?
• What is a data dictionary and do small businesses need one?
• How should a small business start with data analytics?
• How does Zansa help a company that is just starting with data?
• Which KPIs should a small business track first?
• What are the most common data analytics mistakes small businesses make?
• How do I choose a data analytics consultancy?
• What are the red flags when hiring a data consultancy?
• What questions should I ask a data consultancy before signing?
• How do I measure whether a dashboard is actually working?
• Why do so many business dashboards end up unused?
• How many KPIs or charts should one dashboard have?
• How do Metabase, Power BI, Tableau and Looker Studio compare for small companies?
• Why does per-user BI licensing matter as a company grows?
• What is self-service BI and is it right for a small company?
• Who should own the data and dashboards built by a consultancy?
• How does Zansa handle ownership of data, code and dashboards?
• What is vendor lock-in in analytics and how can I avoid it?
• What privacy laws affect business analytics, such as GDPR and POPIA?
• How does Zansa design analytics work around POPIA and GDPR?
• Is it safe to use AI tools on business data?
• How does Zansa use AI tools without exposing client data?
• What are data silos and how do they harm a business?
• Why do the numbers in different reports never match?
• What is a data audit or data health check and what does it involve?
• Is fixed-price or time-and-materials better for a data project?
• How long does it take to build a business dashboard or data foundation?
• Do I need real-time data or is daily refresh enough?
• How can I combine data from accounting, CRM and e-commerce systems?
• Why do many companies choose a cloud data warehouse such as BigQuery?
• Why is documentation important in business analytics and data projects?
• What is data literacy and how can a team improve it?
• How do you build a data-driven culture in a small business?
• How accurate can business forecasts really be for a small company?
• How does demand forecasting help retail and e-commerce businesses?
• What is churn prediction and when is it useful?
• What is customer segmentation and how is it used in analytics?
• What is A/B testing and can small companies use it?
• What is cohort analysis and what business questions does it answer?
• What does data cleaning involve and why does it take so long?
• What are the basic data security practices a small business should follow?
• How is generative AI changing business analytics for small companies?
• Can I just ask an AI chatbot questions about my business data?
• How do I prepare my data for AI and machine learning projects?
• How can a business trust that its dashboard numbers are correct?
• What is version control and why should analytics code use it?
• What are the limits of Excel for business analytics?
• How can automated reporting save time for a small team?
• What is a data strategy and does a small business need one?
• How do I build a sensible data roadmap on a limited budget?
• How do I get staff and management to actually use new dashboards?
• Who should be responsible for data in a small company?
• What are the risks of outsourcing data analytics?
• What should a good handover at the end of a data project include?
• What does Zansa deliver in a Foundation Build?
• How can retail and e-commerce businesses use data analytics?
• How can manufacturing companies use data analytics to improve operations?
• How can logistics and distribution companies use analytics?
• What should healthcare providers consider when using data analytics?
• How can property and hospitality businesses use data analytics?
• How can professional services firms use data analytics?
• How should I handle personal data in analytics reports?
• Can a small business do data analytics without a big budget?
• How much does cloud data storage and querying cost for a small company?
• How do I decide which data sources to connect first?
• What is a good first project to prove the value of analytics?
• How do I know if my company is ready for predictive analytics?
• What does Zansa mean and where does the name come from?
• What is the process for working with Zansa from first contact to support?

Healthcare

• How do I measure clinic or practice utilisation?
• How do I calculate no-show rate for appointments?
• What does claims paid first time mean for a medical practice?
• How is rejected claims rate calculated and what should I do with it?
• How do I calculate debtor days for a healthcare practice?
• What is de-identified reporting in healthcare analytics and why use it?
• How does privacy law like POPIA or GDPR affect practice analytics?
• How do I calculate revenue per consultation and revenue per practitioner?
• What is an aged debtors report and how should a clinic use it?
• How do I measure patient wait time and appointment lead time?
• How do I measure days to payment for medical claims?
• What does Zansa's healthcare dashboard for clinics and practices actually include?
• How can a practice track collection rate on patient-paid accounts?

Hospitality

• What is hotel occupancy rate and how is it calculated?
• What is ADR (average daily rate) in hospitality and how is it calculated?
• What is RevPAR and how do I calculate it?
• How do I calculate labour cost percentage in a hotel or restaurant?
• What is GOPPAR and how does it differ from RevPAR?
• How do I measure the true cost of each booking channel?
• How do I forecast covers for a restaurant?
• What is prime cost in a restaurant and why is it tracked?
• How do I calculate food cost percentage correctly?
• What is RevPASH and when is it useful in a restaurant?
• What is direct booking share and why does it matter?
• What is a hospitality morning dashboard and what should it show?
• What does Zansa's hospitality analytics service include for hotels and restaurants?
• How can hotels and restaurants forecast rooms and covers with limited data?

Integration and BI tools

• Why do my Xero and Shopify sales numbers never match each other?
• How do I reconcile sales figures between my till system and my accounting software?
• What is ETL and how is it different from ELT?
• What is dbt and does a small business need it?
• What is a star schema and why does it matter for dashboards?
• Should a small company use BigQuery, Snowflake or Postgres as its data warehouse?
• How does Snowflake pricing work in general terms?
• Is Postgres good enough as a reporting database for a small business?
• Metabase vs Power BI: which is better for a small company?
• Is Looker Studio good enough for business reporting?
• When is Tableau worth it compared with cheaper BI tools?
• Can Excel be used as a business intelligence tool?
• How can I tell when my spreadsheets have outgrown Excel?
• What is a data pipeline in plain English?
• How do APIs let me pull data out of business systems?
• How do I connect Xero to a BI tool or database?
• How do I get Sage data into a reporting database?
• Can I connect QuickBooks to Power BI or Metabase?
• How do I pull Shopify data into a data warehouse?
• How do I connect WooCommerce to reporting tools?
• How can I get data out of an old till or point-of-sale system?
• How do I integrate an ERP with a BI tool?
• How do I combine CRM data with finance data in one report?
• What is master data and why does it matter?
• How do I remove duplicate customers from my data?
• How do I clean messy Excel data without doing it manually every month?
• What are data tests and which ones matter most?
• How do I monitor data pipelines so I know when they break?
• What should data documentation include for a small company?
• What is a data dictionary and how do I create one?
• Why does the same KPI show different values in different dashboards?
• What is a semantic layer in business intelligence?
• How do per-user BI licence costs add up as my team grows?
• Should I self-host my BI tool or use a cloud version?
• Can I embed dashboards in my own website or application?
• What is row-level security in BI and when do I need it?
• What are the core principles of good dashboard design?
• Which chart type should I use for different business questions?
• What is the difference between a data warehouse, data lake and database?
• How do I handle currency and exchange rates in combined reports?
• Why do dates and time zones cause mismatched reports?
• How should I reconcile data between two systems step by step?
• What is a data model and why should small businesses care?
• What is a fact table and what is a dimension table?
• What does 'grain' mean in a data model and why does it cause double counting?
• How do I deal with handwritten or paper records in my data?
• Can OCR reliably extract data from invoices and scanned documents?
• What is the best way to import CSV files into a database reliably?
• How can I automate weekly Excel reports so nobody copies and pastes?
• What is Power Query and how does it help with data preparation?
• What are the downsides of using Google Sheets as a data source for dashboards?
• How do I choose a BI tool for my business?
• What are the limitations of Power BI for small teams?
• How should I handle personal data in dashboards and pipelines?
• What is the difference between batch and real-time data integration?
• How do I keep a history of changes when source systems overwrite data?
• What are slowly changing dimensions in simple terms?
• How do partitioning and clustering speed up queries in BigQuery?
• What SQL skills does a small business need for reporting?
• Is it safe to connect a BI tool directly to my production database?
• How do I reconcile stock levels between my ERP, warehouse and online shop?
• How do I match bank transactions to invoices automatically?
• What does a good data refresh failure alert look like?
• How do I test whether a dashboard number is correct?
• What is the difference between a metric, a dimension and a measure?
• How should I name tables and columns in a data warehouse?
• How can version control help with analytics code and dashboards?
• How do I handle missing values in business data?
• How do I standardise product names and categories across systems?
• Why do totals change after I refresh my report?
• How do I explain data discrepancies to non-technical managers?
• What should a Data Health Check for a small business cover?
• What does Zansa's fixed-fee Data Health Check involve for a small business?
• What is a Foundation Build in a data project?
• Who owns the data models and dashboards when an agency builds them?
• Why does Zansa usually use Metabase for dashboards?
• Which data sources can Zansa connect for a small company?
• How does Zansa handle privacy laws such as POPIA and GDPR?
• Does Zansa use AI tools, and what happens to my data?
• How much does it cost to set up a data warehouse and dashboards for a small business?
• What is the typical process for starting a data project with Zansa?
• What does the name Zansa mean and where does it come from?
• Which industries benefit most from a unified data model?
• How can a retailer combine online and in-store sales into one view?
• How do I measure true profit when revenue and costs sit in different systems?
• Why is my Excel pivot table giving different totals from my accounting report?
• What is a data gateway and when do I need one?
• How do I decide between building integrations myself and buying a connector tool?
• Is Airbyte, Fivetran or a custom script better for loading data?
• How should I schedule and orchestrate data jobs?
• How do I deal with duplicated rows after loading data?
• What are NULLs and why do they break calculations?
• How do I give clients or franchisees their own dashboard securely?
• What is the difference between a report and a dashboard?
• How do I measure whether a BI project is delivering value?
• How do I move from spreadsheets to a proper data setup without disrupting the business?
• Can I use BigQuery with Power BI and Metabase at the same time?
• What does a data engineer do compared with a data analyst?
• Do small companies need machine learning, or is BI enough?
• What happens to my dashboards if the person who built them leaves?

Logistics

• How do I calculate on-time delivery rate in logistics?
• What is the difference between on-time delivery and OTIF?
• How do I calculate cost per drop for a delivery operation?
• How do I measure fuel consumption per kilometre for a vehicle fleet?
• How do I calculate vehicle utilisation in a transport business?
• How do I work out route profitability for a delivery or haulage business?
• What are unbilled loads and how do I find them?
• What is empty running or deadhead in logistics and how is it measured?
• What is cost per kilometre and how should a fleet use it?
• How do I measure first-attempt delivery success rate for a courier fleet?
• What is load factor or fill rate for a transport fleet?
• How do maintenance costs per kilometre help manage a delivery fleet?
• What is a daily exceptions list in logistics operations?
• What does Zansa's logistics dashboard for small transport companies actually include?

Manufacturing

• What is OEE in manufacturing and how is it calculated?
• What are the three components of OEE and how do I find the biggest loss?
• What is first pass yield and how does it differ from final yield?
• How do I calculate scrap rate and put a cost on it?
• How should a factory measure and categorise machine downtime?
• How do I calculate cost per unit in a small manufacturing business?
• What is work-in-progress in manufacturing and how do I measure it?
• How do I use shift data to compare production performance fairly?
• What is the difference between cycle time and takt time?
• How do I measure production schedule adherence and on-time production?
• What are MTBF and MTTR and how are they used in maintenance reporting?
• How do I measure labour productivity and efficiency on a production line?
• How do I compare standard cost with actual cost in manufacturing?
• What does Zansa's manufacturing dashboard cover and what data does it need?
• Why does joining shift sheets to ERP data at batch level improve manufacturing reporting?

Privacy, security and ownership

• Can Zansa work with healthcare businesses that hold sensitive data?
• Does Zansa sign an agreement before it accesses any client data?
• How does Zansa protect personal information in the reports it builds?
• Does Zansa use AI tools on my business or customer data?
• What is GDPR and does it apply to a small business?
• Does GDPR apply to my business if it is based outside the EU?
• What is the difference between UK GDPR and EU GDPR?
• What is POPIA and who must comply with it?
• What is an operator under POPIA and what must the agreement say?
• What is CCPA and CPRA and does it affect small businesses?
• Does HIPAA apply to a business that analyses health data?
• What is data residency and why does it matter for compliance?
• Can I send personal data to another country for analytics work?
• What is a data processing agreement and when do I need one?
• What is the difference between a data controller and a data processor?
• What is pseudonymisation and how does it differ from anonymisation?
• How can a small business de-identify data before building reports?
• What does data minimisation mean in practice for analytics projects?
• What is access control and why does it matter for company data?
• What is the principle of least privilege and how do I apply it?
• Why is multi-factor authentication important for business data systems?
• What is audit logging and what should a small business log?
• Why does encryption matter and what should be encrypted?
• How should a small business back up its important data?
• How long should a business keep personal data?
• What should a small business do first if it suffers a data breach?
• How soon must a data breach be reported under GDPR and POPIA?
• What should I check before choosing a data or analytics vendor?
• What security questions should I ask a vendor that will handle my data?
• Can I put customer personal data into ChatGPT or other AI tools?
• How can a company use AI tools safely when personal data is involved?
• Who owns the data when a company hires an outside analytics provider?
• Who owns the dashboards and models an analytics provider builds for me?
• What should an exit and handover plan include when ending a data project?
• Who is liable if my analytics provider causes a data breach?
• Do I need a data protection officer for a small business?
• What are data subject access requests and how should a small firm handle them?
• What counts as personal data or personal information?
• Is health data treated differently under privacy law?
• Can I use customer data for analytics without asking for consent?
• What is a privacy impact assessment and when is one needed?
• Is it safe to share spreadsheets with personal data by email?
• Why are shared passwords a problem for data security?
• Should staff and payroll data be included in company dashboards?
• What is a sub-processor and why should I ask about them?
• Is it better to keep company data in my own cloud account or the provider's?
• What should I do when an employee or contractor with data access leaves?
• How do I keep a record of which vendors process my personal data?
• Does Zansa sign an operator agreement and limit access when it handles my data?
• What is a data retention schedule and how do I create one?

Professional services

• What is billable utilisation and how do I calculate it?
• What is work in progress (WIP) in a professional services firm?
• What is realisation rate and how is it calculated?
• What are lock-up days and how are they calculated?
• How do I measure client profitability in a services firm?
• How should a professional services firm track its sales pipeline?
• What is effective hourly rate and how does it differ from the standard rate?
• What is the difference between debtor days and lock-up days?
• How do write-offs and write-downs affect services firm performance?
• What is revenue per fee earner and how is leverage calculated?
• How do I track budget burn on fixed-fee projects?
• How do I set a fair utilisation target for different roles in a firm?
• What does Zansa's professional services dashboard report for firms billing by time?
• Why reconcile timesheets, billing and the ledger in a services firm?

Property

• How do I calculate occupancy rate for rental property?
• How should a landlord measure and report rental arrears?
• What is vacancy rate and how do I measure the cost of vacancy?
• How do I analyse a lease expiry profile?
• How should a property manager track maintenance backlog?
• How is net operating income calculated for a property?
• What is the difference between gross yield and net yield on a property?
• How do I measure tenant retention and turnover?
• What is rental reversion and why does it matter?
• How do I calculate rent collection rate for a property portfolio?
• What is operating expense ratio for a property?
• What does Zansa's property dashboard show for a landlord or property manager?
• How can alerts for arrears and lease expiries help a property business?
• How do I measure average repair time and maintenance cost per unit?

Retail and e-commerce

• How do I calculate gross margin by sales channel for an online and physical retailer?
• What is stock cover and how do I calculate it for my shop?
• What is sell-through rate and how is it calculated in retail?
• How is e-commerce conversion rate calculated and why is it often misread?
• How do I calculate return rate and what does it tell a retailer?
• How do I reconcile Shopify orders, POS sales and the accounting ledger?
• What is customer lifetime value and how do I calculate it simply?
• What is GMROI and how does it help a retailer judge inventory?
• How do I measure average order value and avoid being misled by it?
• How do I calculate customer acquisition cost and payback period for an online store?
• What is inventory turnover and how should a small retailer interpret it?
• What is repeat purchase rate and how do I measure customer retention in retail?
• How do I measure stock shrinkage and stock variance in a retail business?
• What does a retail and e-commerce analytics dashboard from Zansa include?